| Bloom: A 176b-parameter open-access multilingual language model T Le Scao, A Fan, C Akiki, E Pavlick, S Ilić, D Hesslow, R Castagné, ... | 1775 | 2023 |
| Release strategies and the social impacts of language models I Solaiman, M Brundage, J Clark, A Askell, A Herbert-Voss, J Wu, ... arXiv preprint arXiv:1908.09203, 2019 | 703 | 2019 |
| Process for adapting language models to society (palms) with values-targeted datasets I Solaiman, C Dennison Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 34, 5861-5873, 2021 | 222 | 2021 |
| Evaluating the social impact of generative ai systems in systems and society I Solaiman, Z Talat, W Agnew, L Ahmad, D Baker, SL Blodgett, C Chen, ... arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.05949, 2023 | 118 | 2023 |
| The gradient of generative AI release: Methods and considerations I Solaiman Proceedings of the 2023 ACM conference on fairness, accountability, and …, 2023 | 113 | 2023 |
| Open problems in technical ai governance A Reuel, B Bucknall, S Casper, T Fist, L Soder, O Aarne, L Hammond, ... arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.14981, 2024 | 28 | 2024 |
| GPT-2: 1.5 B Release I Solaiman, J Clark, M Brundage OpenAI. Available online at https://openai. com/blog/gpt-2-1-5b-release …, 2019 | 22 | 2019 |
| GPT-2: 6-month follow-up J Clark, M Brundage, I Solaiman Internet]. OpenAI, 2019 | 6 | 2019 |
| Beyond Release: Access Considerations for Generative AI Systems I Solaiman, R Bommasani, D Hendrycks, A Herbert-Voss, Y Jernite, ... arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.16701, 2025 | | 2025 |
| BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model V Danchev, V Nikoulina, V Laippala, V Lepercq, V Prabhu, Z Alyafeai, ... | | 2023 |