Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Future technologies and systemic innovation are critical for the profound transformation the
food system needs. These innovations range from food production, land use and emissions …

Soil carbon sequestration is seen as an effective means to draw down atmospheric CO2, but
at the same time warming may accelerate the loss of extant soil carbon, so an accurate …

This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building,
evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of …

Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

This paper presents an update and extension of HYDE, the History Database of the Global
Environment (HYDE version 3.2). HYDE is an internally consistent combination of historical …

Spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) are a fundamental input for many geoscience
studies, but they still include nonnegligible height errors. Here we introduce a high‐accuracy …

Aim Primary forests have high conservation value but are rare in Europe due to historic land
use. Yet many primary forest patches remain unmapped, and it is unclear to what extent they …

The exhibition of increasingly intensive and complex niche construction behaviors through
time is a key feature of human evolution, culminating in the advanced capacity for ecosystem …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …