The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

The question of how genomic information is expressed to determine phenotypes is of central
importance for basic and translational life science research and has been studied by …

Therapeutic mRNAs and vaccines are being developed for a broad range of human
diseases, including COVID-19. However, their optimization is hindered by mRNA instability …

Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encode information in both their primary sequence and their
higher order structure. The independent contributions of factors like codon usage and …

BACKGROUND Ribosomopathies are a heterogeneous group of human disorders that are
in some cases known, and in other cases suspected, to result from ribosome dysfunction …

Blood cell formation is classically thought to occur through a hierarchical differentiation
process, although recent studies have shown that lineage commitment may occur earlier in …

The redundancy of the genetic code implies that most amino acids are encoded by multiple
synonymous codons. In all domains of life, a biased frequency of synonymous codons is …

Post-transcriptional modification of RNA nucleosides occurs in all living organisms.
Pseudouridine, the most abundant modified nucleoside in non-coding RNAs, enhances the …

Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes.
Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of …

The stage at which ribosomes are recruited to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is an elaborate
and highly regulated phase of protein synthesis. Upon completion of this step, a ribosome is …