The Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) was a time of global environmental changes
and possibly substantial coeval volcanism. The extent of the biological turnover in marine …

The use of the functional feeding group–damage type system for analyzing arthropod and
pathogen interactions with plants has transformed our understanding of herbivory in fossil …

Time and again, over hundreds of millions of years, environmental disturbances have
caused mass extinctions of animals ranging from reptiles to corals. The anthropogenic loss …

The Triassic was a time of diversification of the global floras following the mass-extinction
event at the close of the Permian, with floras of low-diversity and somewhat uniform aspect …

The Triassic represented an important period that witnessed the diversification of marine
and terrestrial ecosystems. The radiations of terrestrial plants and vertebrates during this …

Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil
record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The …

The late Palaeozoic is a pivotal period for the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems.
Generalised warming and aridification trends resulted in profound floral and faunal turnover …

On the basis of an assemblage of fossilized wing scales recovered from latest Triassic and
earliest Jurassic sediments from northern Germany, we provide the earliest evidence for …

Abstract The Late Triassic saw a flourish of plant–arthropod interactions. By the Late
Triassic, insects had developed all distinct strategies of herbivory, notably including some of …

To discern the effect of the end-Permian (P-Tr) ecological crisis on land, interactions
between plants and their insect herbivores were examined for four time intervals containing …