Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are posing great threats to
global health within this century. Studies have suggested that estrogen and estrogen …

Macrophages work with monocytes and dendritic cells to form a monocyte immune system,
which constitutes a powerful cornerstone of the immune system with their powerful antigen …

Renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading and common cause of acute kidney
injury (AKI), and inflammation is a critical factor in ischemic AKI progression. Calycosin …

Background Sex differences have been observed in the development of obesity-related
complications in patients, as well as in animal models. Accumulating evidence suggests that …

Objective Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) limits the development of liver transplantation
technology. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Bergenin on hepatic …

Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is less extensive in females than males in both
animals and humans; however, this protection diminishes after menopause, suggesting that …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients, causes systemic sequelae, and predisposes
patients to long-term cardiovascular disease. To date, studies of the effects of AKI on …

Numerous studies have proven the critical role of macrophages in the renal fibrosis process.
Notably, G Protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 (GPER1), a novel estrogen receptor, has …

Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions
remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor …

Rationale & Objective Animal models of kidney disease suggest a protective role for female
sex hormones, but some authorities assert that female sex in humans is a risk factor for …