Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are nuclear encoded and synthesized in
the cytosol as precursor proteins with N-terminal extensions called targeting peptides …

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, mitochondria have lost the autonomy of their
prokaryotic ancestors. They have to import most of their proteins from the cytosol because …

Representative samples of mitochondrial and chloroplast targetting peptides have been
analyzed in terms of amino acid composition, positional amino acid preferences and …

Copper delivery to the thylakoid lumen protein plastocyanin and the stromal enzyme Cu/Zn
superoxide dismutase in chloroplasts is required for photosynthesis and oxidative stress …

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element with important roles as a cofactor in many plant
functions, including photosynthesis. However, free Cu ions can cause toxicity, necessitating …

Components of the protein import machinery of the chloroplast were isolated by a procedure
in which the import machinery was engaged in vitro with a tagged import substrate under …

Cytosolically synthesized thylakoid proteins must be translocated across the chloroplast
envelope membranes, traverse the stroma, and then be translocated into or across the …

In the living cell, proteins are efficiently sorted to a whole range of subcellular compartments.
In many cases, sorting specificity is mediated by short 'sorting signals' attached either …

The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) has been identified as a key factor
integrating copper into copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in yeast …

The energy requirements for the import of nuclear-encoded proteins into isolated
chloroplasts have been reinvestigated. We have shown that, in contrast to protein import into …