Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last
decade, described the observed and potential impacts of climate change as well as other …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

Recent climate warming and scenarios for further warming have led to expectations of rapid
movement of ecological boundaries. Here we focus on the circumarctic forest–tundra …

Circumpolar expansion of tall shrubs and trees into Arctic tundra is widely thought to be
occurring as a result of recent climate warming, but little quantitative evidence exists for …

Introduction This chapter synthesizes the scientific literature on the detection and attribution
of observed changes in natural and human systems in response to observed recent climate …

Numerous studies have evaluated the dynamics of Arctic tundra vegetation throughout the
past few decades, using remotely sensed proxies of vegetation, such as the normalized …

Vegetation productivity trends for the Arctic tundra are updated for the 1982–2011 period
and examined in the context of land surface temperatures and coastal sea ice …

Alpine meadow and alpine steppe are the two most widely distributed nonzonal vegetation
types in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the context of global climate change, the differences in …

Background Earth system models describe the physical, chemical and biological processes
that govern our global climate. While it is difficult to single out one component as being more …