Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulose is an emerging biorefinery scheme
that combines biomass fractionation with lignin depolymerisation. Central to this scheme is …

Highlights•Plant lignification is highly plastic.•Designer lignins may satisfy biological
requirements while reducing recalcitrance.•Engineered lignins may be shorter, less …

Highlights•Lignocellulosic biomass utilization is crucial for sustainable development.•Lignin
has two characteristics, a useful biomass component and an inhibitor of wall …

Covering: Up to 2019 Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the
oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of …

Cell wall matrices are complex composites mainly of polysaccharides, phenolics (monomers
and polymers), and protein. We are beginning to understand the synthesis of these major …

Highlights•Lignocellulosic materials have been engineered with altered lignin to create a
more open wall architecture.•Lignocellulosic materials containing less process inhibitors …

Naturally, many aerobic organisms degrade lignin-derived aromatics through conserved
intermediates including protocatechuate and catechol. Employing this microbial approach …

Lignin is the most abundant, renewable aromatic resource on earth and holds great
potential for the production of value-added chemicals. The efficient valorization of lignin …

Lignin is a wasted renewable source of biomass-derived value-added chemicals. However,
due to its material resistance to degradation, it remains highly underutilized. In order to …

Lignin is the main factor limiting the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into
fermentable sugars. To reduce the recalcitrance engendered by the lignin polymer, the …