There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar
terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an …

Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in
all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are …

Phytoplankton primary production is at the base of the marine food web; changes in primary
production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplankton …

Causal attribution of recent biological trends to climate change is complicated because non-
climatic influences dominate local, short-term biological changes. Any underlying signal …

A definitive guide to the depth and breadth of the ecological sciences, revised and updated
The revised and updated fifth edition of Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems–now in full …

Over the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (NH), especially during the
cold season months (November-April), the most prominent and recurrent pattern of …

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, brown trout Salmo trutta (including the anadromous form, sea
trout) and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (including anadromous fish) provide important …

Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local
weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as …

Richardson, AJ 2008. In hot water: zooplankton and climate change.–ICES Journal of
Marine Science, 65: 279–295. An overview is provided of the observed and potential future …

Climate influences a population through a variety of processes, including reproduction,
growth, migration patterns and phenology. Climate may operate either directly through …