Addictive drugs are habit-forming. Addiction is a learned behavior; repeated exposure to
addictive drugs can stamp in learning. Dopamine-depleted or dopamine-deleted animals …

What roles do mesolimbic and neostriatal dopamine systems play in reward? Do they
mediate the hedonic impact of rewarding stimuli? Do they mediate hedonic reward learning …

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

The opioid system consists of three receptors, mu, delta, and kappa, which are activated by
endogenous opioid peptides processed from three protein precursors, proopiomelanocortin …

The theory is advanced that the common denominator of a wide range of addictive
substances is their ability to cause psychomotor activation. This view is related to the theory …

Reviews recent behavioral and neuropharmacological findings, which suggest that opiate
and stimulant drugs act on common neurochemical systems of the brain to generate positive …

The opinions of others can easily affect how much we value things. We investigated what
happens in our brain when we agree with others about the value of an object and whether or …

A comparative method of studying the biological bases of personality compares human trait
dimensions with likely animal models in terms of genetic determination and common …

There is considerable evidence that high novelty seekers are at increased risk for using
drugs of abuse relative to low novelty seekers. This review examines the potential biological …

Hundreds of publications and dozens of reviews and conferences have been devoted to
dopamine and dopaminergic neurons over the last three decades. From molecular …