Recent multi-point measurements, in particular from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)
spacecraft, have advanced the understanding of micro-scale aspects of magnetic …

Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) has been a significant concern for the electrical
power grid in high latitudes for decades. Its origin starts in the Sun; during extreme space …

The context of the term 'geophysics' has changed considerably during the second half of the
past century. Well into the fifties the key interest of non-exploratory non-applied geophysics …

We present a new climatological model of the ionospheric current system, determined from
magnetic measurements taken by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and …

Faraday's law of induction is responsible for setting up a geoelectric field due to the
variations in the geomagnetic field caused by ionospheric currents. This drives …

We review observations of solar activity, geomagnetic variation, and auroral visibility for the
extreme geomagnetic storm on 1872 February 4. The extreme storm (referred to here as the …

Magnetospheric convection is a fundamental process in the coupling of the solar wind,
magnetosphere, and ionosphere. Recent studies have shown that dayside magnetopause …

On 25 August 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the 20 August 2018 coronal mass
ejection (CME) hit Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a …

The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the
lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the …

We investigate sharp changes in magnetic field that can produce Geomagnetically Induced
Currents (GICs) which damage pipelines and power grids. We use one‐minute cadence …