This paper presents an overview of significant advances made in the emerging field of
nature-inspired computing (NIC) with a focus on the physics-and biology-based approaches …

This paper reviews the past and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) modeling and
reconstruction of plants and trees. These topics have been studied in multiple research …

Fractals Everywhere, Second Edition covers the fundamental approach to fractal geometry
through iterated function systems. This 10-chapter text is based on a course called" Fractal …

Generating and Growing the Fractal City Page 1 8 Generating and Growing the Fractal City
Mandelbrot has attracted the attention of scientists on the ubiquity of fractal shapes among …

The beauty of plants has attracted the attention of mathematicians for Mathematics centuries.
Conspicuous geometric features such as the bilateral sym and beauty metry of leaves, the …

This paper describes how evolutionary techniques of variation and selection can be used to
create complex simulated structures, textures, and motions for use in computer graphics and …

Triffids were, admittedly, a bit weird—but that was, after all, just because they were novelties.
People had felt the same about novelties of other days—about kangaroos, giant lizards …

I Principles 1 1 Models of Systems 3 1. 1 Systems. Models. and Modeling.................... 3 1. 2
Uses of Scientific Models........................ 4 1. 3 Example: Island Biogeography..................... 6 1 …

Recent advances in computer graphics have produced images approaching the elusive
goal of photorealism. Since many natural objects are so complex and detailed, they are …

Driven by demand from the entertainment industry for better and more realistic animation,
technology continues to evolve and improve. The algorithms and techniques behind this …