CONTEXT Declining water quantity and quality and poor land, water, and crop management
practices are leading to increasing soil salinity, land degradation, desertification, and …

In the current changing environment, salt stress has become a major concern for plant
growth and food production worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of how plants …

Soil salinity is a significant abiotic stressor that inhibits agricultural productivity globally.
Researchers have been trying for a long to apply fertilizers to crops growing on salt affected …

Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, phytochemical contents [proline,
chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC)], and …

The application of effective microorganisms (EMs) and/or nitrogen (N) have a stimulating
effect on plants against abiotic stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to …

The evaluation of disease resistance is considered an important aspect of phenoty** for
crop improvement. Identification of advanced lines of the common bean with disease …

Heavy metal pollution is widespread, and has an increasing trend in some countries and
regions. It can be easily accumulated in plants, leading to plant species loss and affecting …

With global climate change leading to increasing intensity and frequency of droughts, as
well as the growing problem of soil salinization, these factors significantly affect crop growth …

Lead (Pb) contamination has become an important abiotic stress that negatively influences
crop biomass and yield, threatening human health via food chains. The excavation of causal …

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) in wheat cultivation results in substantial decreases in
yield and limited economic gains, leading to adverse environmental consequences. In this …