Although the core concept of remyelination—based on the activation, migration, proliferation
and differentiation of CNS progenitors—has not changed over the past 20 years, our …

There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years
for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited …

Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system and significantly
contribute to overall brain function by participating in phagocytosis during development …

Failed regeneration of CNS myelin contributes to clinical decline in neuroinflammatory and
neurodegenerative diseases, for which there is an unmet therapeutic need. Here we reveal …

Virtually all phases of spinal cord injury pathogenesis, including inflammation, cell
proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue remodeling, are mediated in part by …

The lack of therapies for progressive multiple sclerosis highlights the need to understand the
regenerative process of remyelination that can follow CNS demyelination. This involves an …

An imbalance between remyelinating and demyelinating rates underlies degenerative
processes in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. An optimal therapeutic …

Background and Purpose—Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a unique cytokine that may contribute to
brain repair by regulating microglia/macrophage functions. Thus, we examined the effect of …

Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating insult followed by progressive cord atrophy and
neurodegeneration. Dysregulated or non-resolving inflammatory processes can disturb …

Macrophages form a heterogeneous cell population displaying multiple functions, and can
be polarized into pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, by environmental factors …