Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) are indirect and non-
invasive methods used to induce excitability changes in the motor cortex via a wire coil …

Background Rapidly changing excitability states in an oscillating neuronal network can
explain response variability to external stimulation, but if repetitive stimulation of always the …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it
allows to assess several cortical properties such as excitability, plasticity and connectivity in …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used to monitor and modulate the
excitability of intracortical neuronal circuits. Long periods of cortical stimulation can produce …

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables non-invasive modulation of
brain activity with both clinical and research applications, but fundamental questions remain …

Concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) has
emerged as a powerful tool to non-invasively probe brain circuits in humans, allowing for the …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

Abstract Background Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) paradigms are unique in their
ability to safely modulate cortical plasticity for experimental or therapeutic applications …