Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to
the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer …

This tutorial surveys neural approaches to conversational AI that were developed in the last
few years. We group conversational systems into three categories:(1) question answering …

This article describes the development of Microsoft ** intelligent open-domain dialog systems due to
the availability of large amounts of conversational data and the recent progress on neural …

The dream of automatic language translation is now closer thanks to recent advances in the
techniques that underpin statistical machine translation. This class-tested textbook from an …

This paper presents the results of the WMT11 shared tasks, which included a translation
task, a system combination task, and a task for machine translation evaluation metrics. We …

At the heart of improving conversational AI is the open problem of how to evaluate
conversations. Issues with automatic metrics are well known (Liu et al., 2016, arxiv …

We investigate the problem of predicting the quality of sentences produced by machine
translation systems when reference translations are not available. The problem is addressed …

This paper analyzes the translation quality of machine translation systems for 10 language
pairs translating between Czech, English, French, German, Hungarian, and Spanish. We …

Most evaluation metrics for machine translation (MT) require reference translations for each
sentence in order to produce a score reflecting certain aspects of its quality. The de facto …