This review surveys recent research on the economics of patents. The topics covered
include theoretical and empirical evidence on patents as incentives for innovation, the …

Although patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is
nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems, in practice …

This is not to say that economics has a monopoly when it comes to factors that affect science
or in providing a lens for examining science. Other disciplines—and their foci—contribute …

On the 30th anniversary of enactment of the Bayh–Dole Act in the US, we consider the
rationale for academic entrepreneurship and describe the evolving role of universities in the …

When science adopts the logic of the market American universities today serve as economic
engines, performing the scientific research that will create new industries, drive economic …

" Knowledge commons" describes the institutionalized community governance of the sharing
and, in some cases, creation, of information, science, knowledge, data, and other types of …

Earlier research on the role of universities in fostering entrepreneurial economic
development almost exclusively covers spin-offs by faculty and staff. In contrast, we provide …

Do intellectual property (IP) rights on existing technologies hinder subsequent innovation?
Using newly collected data on the sequencing of the human genome by the public Human …

This review explores contributions by science policy studies and the sociology of science to
our understanding of the impact of governance on research content. Contributions are …

The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 provided US universities with the right to commercialize
employees' inventions made while engaged in government-funded research. This paper …