Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages
remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to …

Relative brain size has long been considered a reflection of cognitive capacities and has
played a fundamental role in develo** core theories in the life sciences. Yet, the notion …

Reconstructing the evolution of brain information-processing capacity is paramount for
understanding the rise of complex cognition. Comparative studies of brain evolution typically …

With the development of targeted therapies, many treatments are based on molecular
studies, which require sampling tumor tissue from paraffin blocks for sequencing. An …

Relative brain sizes in birds can rival those of primates, but large-scale patterns and drivers
of avian brain evolution remain elusive. Here, we explore the evolution of the fundamental …

There have been a number of attempts to explain how crocodylian bite-force performance
covaries with cranial form and diet. However, the mechanics and morphologies of …

The origin of Neanderthal and modern human lineages is a matter of intense debate. DNA
analyses have generally indicated that both lineages diverged during the middle period of …

Several theories predict that rates of phenotypic evolution should be related to the rate at
which new lineages arise. However, drawing general conclusions regarding the coupling …

Through elasmobranch (sharks and rays) evolutionary history, gigantism evolved multiple
times in phylogenetically distant species, some of which are now extinct. Interestingly, the …

Given that complex behavior evolved multiple times independently in different lineages, a
crucial question is whether these independent evolutionary events coincided with …