The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell
types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in …

Frozen shoulder is a common debilitating disorder characterized by shoulder pain and
progressive loss of shoulder movement. Frozen shoulder is frequently associated with other …

Myocardial fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of
extracellular matrix proteins, is a common pathophysiologic companion of many different …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor prognosis and
limited treatment options. Efforts to identify effective treatments are thwarted by limited …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

Fibroblasts and macrophages are present in all tissues, and mounting evidence supports
that these cells engage in direct communication to influence the overall tissue …

Transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) is inextricably linked to regulatory T cell (Treg)
biology. However, precisely untangling the role for TGF-β1 in Treg differentiation and …

The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that
expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic …

The last decade has been somewhat of a renaissance period for the field of macrophage
biology. This renewed interest, combined with the advent of new technologies and …

Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in
pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their …