Recent years have seen rapid improvement of technology and large-scale applications of
lithium-ion batteries, which leads to an increasing market demand for lithium. Since the land …

Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation technique used to recover water from feed
solution (FS) across a semi-permeable membrane, using a concentrated draw solution (DS) …

High water permeability and good separation property are greatly desired in water
production due to energy concerns. To explore nanofiltration (NF) membrane with high …

The forward osmosis (FO) process has recently gained significant attention due to low
energy consumption. The concentration polarizations of external concentration polarization …

Forward osmosis (FO) has gained attention for its reduced fouling propensity. Traditional FO
thin-film composite membranes, akin to reverse osmosis (RO)-like FO membranes, feature a …

Interfacial polymerization (IP) and non-solvent induced phase inversion (NIPS) are the two
most commonly used mainstream technologies to fabricate separation membranes. Taking …

Membrane separation plays a crucial role in the current increasingly complex energy
environment. Membranes prepared by metal–organic framework (MOF) materials usually …

Water production has become a serious concern nowadays due to many environmental and
social factors. Conventional desalination processes are considered as energy-intensive, as …

Liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) is an emerging technology able to maintain optimal
growing conditions in self-sustained greenhouses powered by solar energy. However, the …

Forward Osmosis (FO) has emerged as a highly promising membrane-based water
treatment process owing to its intrinsic advantages, such as low energy requirements and …