Toxin–antitoxin systems are widespread in bacterial genomes. They are usually composed
of two elements: a toxin that inhibits an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that …

Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are abundant genetic elements that encode a toxin
protein capable of inhibiting cell growth and an antitoxin that counteracts the toxin. The …

Evolution of bacteria and archaea involves an incessant arms race against an enormous
diversity of genetic parasites. Accordingly, a substantial fraction of the genes in most …

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules are ubiquitous gene loci among bacteria and are comprised of
a toxin part and its cognate antitoxin part. Under normal physiological conditions, antitoxin …

Targeted killing of pathogenic bacteria without harming beneficial members of host
microbiota holds promise as a strategy to cure disease and limit both antimicrobial-related …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular machine that delivers protein
effectors into both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, therefore participating in interbacterial …

Antibacterial agents have saved many lives and helped the growth of modern medicine over
the past half century. The emergence of drug resistance, jeopardizing the effectiveness of …

Bacterial virulence relies on a delicate balance of signals interchanged between the
invading microbe and the host. This communication has been extensively perceived as a …

Salmonella Infantis is one of the five serovars most frequently causing human salmonellosis
in Europe, mainly associated with poultry. A clone harbouring a conjugative plasmid of …

This review synthesizes recent and past observations on filamentous phages and describes
how these phages contribute to host phentoypes. For example, the CTXφ phage of Vibrio …