Publisher Summary The chapter introduces the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase
(MAPK) module. The identification of MAP kinase pathways exemplifies the power of …

Poly (A) tails are non-templated additions of adenosines at the 3′ ends of most eukaryotic
mRNAs. In the nucleus, these RNAs are co-transcriptionally cleaved at a poly (A) site and …

Factors affecting egg quality are determined by the intrinsic properties of the egg itself and
the environment in which the egg is fertilized and subsequently incubated. Egg quality in fish …

It is becoming increasingly apparent that translational control plays an important role in the
regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Most of the known physiological effects on …

In most cases, translational control mechanisms result from the interaction of RNA-binding
proteins with 5′-or 3′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA. In organisms ranging from …

▪ Abstract Regulation of translation initiation is a central control point in animal cells. We
review our current understanding of the mechanisms of regulation, drawing particularly on …

The translational activation of several maternal mRNAs during Xenopus oocyte maturation is
stimulated bycytoplasmic poly (A) elongation, which requires the uri: dine-rich cytoplasmic …

Hypoxic stress results in a rapid and sustained inhibition of protein synthesis that is at least
partially mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation by the …

Poly (A) tails have long been known as stable 3′ modifications of eukaryotic mRNAs,
added during nuclear pre‐mRNA processing. It is now appreciated that this modification is …

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation plays a key role in the translational control of mRNAs driving
biological processes such as gametogenesis, cell-cycle progression, and synaptic plasticity …