Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a wide variety of processes in multicellular
organisms, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Their activity is …

Sprouty proteins are evolutionarily conserved inducible inhibitors of signalling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. They have been implicated in negative-feedback interactions that impart …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is one of the most important
pathways that regulate growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation in mammalian cells …

Sprouty (Spry) inhibits signalling by receptor tyrosine kinases; however, the molecular
mechanism underlying this function has not been defined. Here we show that after …

Intercellular signaling molecules and their receptors, whose expression must be tightly
regulated in time and space, coordinate organogenesis. Regulators of intracellular signaling …

The signalling cascade including Raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and
extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is important in many facets of cellular …

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a paracrine-acting, epithelial mitogen produced by cells
of mesenchymal origin. It is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, and acts …

Angiogenesis relies on endothelial cells properly processing signals from growth factors
provided in both an autocrine and a paracrine manner. These mitogens bind to their cognate …

Sprouty was genetically identified as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor signaling
during tracheal branching in Drosophila. In this study, we provide a functional …

The “hard wiring” encoded within the genome that determines the emergence of the
laryngotracheal groove and subsequently early lung branching morphogenesis is mediated …