Recent work has provided new insights into how altered B cell-intrinsic signals—through the
B cell receptor (BCR) and key co-receptors—function together to promote the pathogenesis …

Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary
lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by persistent inflammation, is a complex
autoimmune disorder that affects all organs, challenging clinical treatment. Dysbiosis of gut …

TLR7 is associated with development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the
underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Although TLRs are known to activate …

FcγRIIb is the only inhibitory Fc receptor and controls many aspects of immune and
inflammatory responses. The observation 19 years ago that Fc γ RIIb−/− mice generated by …

Self-reactive B cells generated through V (D) J recombination in the bone marrow or through
accrual of random mutations in secondary lymphoid tissues are mostly purged or edited to …

Abstract Purpose of Review Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune
disease with strong genetic associations. Here, we provide an update on recent …

Antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. Although the
mechanisms underlying the antibody response to infection or vaccination are reasonably …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsed intestinal disease with an increasing incidence
around the world. The pathophysiology of UC remains unclear. However, the role of the …

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity and assist in
optimal Ab-mediated defense. Multiple effector functions of Tfh support germinal center B …