A recurring trend in evidence scrutinized over the past few decades is that disease
outbreaks will become more frequent, intense, and widespread on land and in water, due to …

Sessile marine molluscs living in the intertidal zone experience periods of internal acidosis
when exposed to air (emersion) during low tide. Relative to other marine organisms …

Despite a growing interest in identifying tip** points in response to environmental change,
our understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying nonlinear ecosystem dynamics …

Seawater acidification and warming resulting from anthropogenic production of carbon
dioxide are increasing threats to marine ecosystems. Previous studies have documented the …

Thecosomatous pteropods, a group of aragonite shell-bearing zooplankton, are becoming
an important sentinel organism for understanding the influence of ocean acidification on …

Ocean acidification, a product of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, may already have
affected calcified organisms in the coastal zone, such as bivalves and other shellfish …

Mollusk shells protect against diverse environmental and predatory physical threats, from
one-time impacts to chronic, low-magnitude stresses. The effectiveness of shells as armor is …

Even though mollusks' capacity to repair shell damage is usually studied in response to a
single event, their shells have to defend them against predatory and environmental threats …