Lichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi (primary and
secondary mycobionts), algae and/or cyanobacteria (primary and secondary photobionts) …

Under climate change, species unable to track their niche via range shifts are largely reliant
on genetic variation to adapt and persist. Genomic vulnerability predictions are used to …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Quantitative genetics provides a powerful framework for studying phenotypic evolution and
the evolution of adaptive genetic variation. Central to the approach is G, the matrix of …

Short-term evolutionary potential depends on the additive genetic variance in the
population. The additive variance is often measured as heritability, the fraction of the total …

The Lande equation forms the basis for our understanding of the short‐term evolution of
quantitative traits in a multivariate context. It predicts the response to selection as the product …

An absence of genetic variance in traits under selection is perhaps the oldest explanation for
a limit to evolutionary change, but has also been the most easily dismissed. We review a …

The G-matrix summarizes the inheritance of multiple, phenotypic traits. The stability and
evolution of this matrix are important issues because they affect our ability to predict how the …

Phenotypically plastic genotypes express different phenotypes in different environments,
often in adaptive ways. The evolution of phenotypic plasticity creates developmental …

Genetically correlated traits do not evolve independently, and the covariances between traits
affect the rate at which a population adapts to a specified selection regime. To measure the …