The midcycle surge of LH sets in motion interconnected networks of signaling cascades to
bring about rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte during ovulation. Many mediators …

Specialized phagocytes are found in the most primitive multicellular organisms. Their roles
in homeostasis and in distinguishing self from non-self have evolved with the complexity of …

Abstract M-CSF and GM-CSF are 2 important cytokines that regulate macrophage numbers
and function. Here, we review their known effects on cells of the macrophage-monocyte …

The effects of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), the primary regulator of mononuclear
phagocyte production, are thought to be mediated by the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) …

The brain contains numerous mononuclear phagocytes called microglia. These cells
express the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for the macrophage growth factor …

Most tissue macrophages and osteoclasts are regulated by colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-
1, also known as macrophage CSF). The effects of CSF-1 are mediated by the CSF-1 …

The production of hematopoietic cells is under the tight control of a group of hematopoietic
cytokines. Each cytokine has multiple actions mediated by receptors whose cytoplasmic …

The c-fms gene encodes the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). The
gene is expressed selectively in the macrophage and trophoblast cell lineages. Previous …

The production, differentiation, and presence of male gametes represent inimitable
challenges to the immune system, as they are unique to the body and appear long after the …

The immune system was identified as a protective factor during infectious diseases over a
century ago. Current definitions and textbook information are still largely influenced by these …