Exposure to pesticides is a potential concern for pollinators that may forage on plants
containing residues. A key element of estimating dietary risk to pollinators is to determine the …

Beekee** is important for securing food, poverty reduction, health, environmental
protection and plant pollination. These important practices are challenged by many biotic …

This book provides a modern, synthetic overview of interactions between insects and their
environments from a physiological perspective that integrates information across a range of …

Most insects are thought to fly by creating a leading-edge vortex that remains attached to the
wing as it translates through a stroke. In the species examined so far, stroke amplitude is …

The effect of wing flexibility on aerodynamic force production has emerged as a central
question in insect flight research. However, physical and computational models have …

An activity pattern is the change in levels of a particular activity through time. Activity pattern
data form the basis of much of behavioral ecology for two simple reasons. First, they tell us …

Due to the widespread use of pesticides and their persistence in the environment, non-target
organisms are chronically exposed to mixtures of toxic residues. Fungicides, herbicides and …

Animals, most notably insects, generally seem to accumulate electrostatic charge in nature.
These electrostatic charges will exert forces on other charges in these animals' …

Studies from the last decade clearly demonstrate that nectar is much more than just a simple
alimentary reward for pollinators. Considerable progress has been made in recent years …

Homogenized or pooled samples of honey bees are used for monitoring of metal pollution in
the environment already for a couple of decades. This is the first study that analyzed the …