Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Cancer causes the second-highest rate of death world-wide. A major shortcoming inherent
in most of anticancer drugs is their lack of tumor selectivity. Nanodrugs for cancer therapy …

Blood and lymphatic vessels form a versatile transport network and provide inductive signals
to regulate tissue-specific functions. Blood vessels in bone regulate osteogenesis and …

The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the
development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the …

Vaccination represents the best line of defense against infectious diseases and is crucial in
curtailing pandemic spread of emerging pathogens to which a population has limited …

A significant fraction of the total immune cells in the body are located in several hundred
lymph nodes, in which lymphocyte accumulation, activation and proliferation are organized …

The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph
nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential …

A new era of nanomedicines that involve nucleic acids/gene therapy has been opened after
two decades in 21st century and new types of more efficient drug delivery systems (DDS) …

Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and
immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have developed in the last two decades into the backbone of
pharmacotherapeutic interventions in a variety of indications, with currently more than 40 …