Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a specialized ecosystem of host components, designed
by tumor cells for successful development and metastasis of tumor. With the advent of 3D …

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) model is
becoming an essential tool in cancer research as it expresses an intermediate complexity …

The complex microenvironment in which malignant tumor cells grow is crucial for cancer
progression. The physical and biochemical characteristics of this niche are involved in …

Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

Tumor vasculature creates a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo and nourishes
cancers, resulting in cancer progression and drug resistance. To mimic the biochemical and …

An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and
function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a valuable …

Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell
derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native …

Cancer immunotherapy is the great breakthrough in cancer treatment as it displayed
prolonged progression-free survival over conventional therapies, yet, to date, in only a …

Cell therapies offer a tailorable, personalized treatment for use in tissue engineering to
address defects arising from trauma, inefficient wound repair, or congenital malformation …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with
an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective …