Ultra-endurance running (UER) poses extreme mental and physical challenges that present
many barriers to completion, let alone performance. Despite these challenges, participation …

This research is a literature study that aims to explore the relationship between carbohydrate
consumption and athlete performance and health, especially female athletes who run long …

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects
of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little …

Background: The growing interest of the scientific community in trail running has highlighted
the acute effects of practice at the time of these races on isolated aspects of physiological …

Background Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In
the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance …

Background: We describe the requirements and physiological changes when running 10
consecutive marathons in 10 days at the same consistent pace by a female ultra-endurance …

Objective There is widespread agreement about the key role of hemoglobin for oxygen
transport. Both observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship …

Background Endurance athletes' competitions have increased over the decades and
marathon races are becoming increasingly popular. Proper nutrition is critical for optimal …

Background A food and fluid intake program is essential for ultraendurance athletes to
maximize performance and avoid possible gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS). However, the …

The aim of dietary recommendations is to optimize performance in track running, long-
distance running, and ultra-running athletes, as well as to maintain good health and ease …