What teachers do and how students perform intersect, making teachers a critical factor for
determining student success. When teachers use effective practices, they maximize the …

The meta-analytic technique was used to synthesize experimental research findings on the
relationship between level of teacher questioning and student achievement. Twenty studies …

In most educational programs, a substantial proportion of teacher and student time is
devoted to activities which involve (or lead directly to) evaluation by the teacher of student …

Looking in Classrooms uses educational, psychological, and social science theories and
classroom-based research to teach future classroom teachers about the complexities and …

Though classroom instructional strategies should clearly be based on sound science and
research, knowing when to use them and with whom is more of an art. In The Art and …

This book is intended for anyone who is seriously interested in designing and validating
multiple-choice test items that measure understanding and the application of knowledge and …

In my many years of working with second language (L2) teachers and teacher educators, I
have often been asked about my approach to L2 teacher education. By “approach” I assume …

How does classroom observation support your professional development? How can you
observe as effectively as possible? Highly regarded as one of the most widely used and …

The purpose of this study was to find out how teachers use questions in classroom discourse
to scaffold student thinking and help students construct scientific knowledge. The study was …

To investigate relationships between teaching and learning mathematics, the six second-
grade classrooms in one school were observed regularly during the 12 weeks of instruction …