Nebivolol is a highly selective β 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist with a pharmacologic
profile that differs from those of other drugs in its class. In addition to cardioselectivity …

In the present practice review, we will explain how to perform and interpret a
cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in heart failure patients. Specifically, we will explain …

Aims Intravenous iron therapy can improve symptoms in patients with heart failure, anaemia
and iron deficiency. The mechanisms underlying such an improvement might involve …

Background Novel treatments targeting in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and chemoreflex
sensitivity (CRS) heart failure (HF) are grounded on small prognostic studies, partly …

Bisoprolol and nebivolol are highly selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonists, with clinical
indications in many countries within the management of heart failure with reduced left …

Exertional dyspnoea is among the dominant symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure
and progresses relentlessly as the disease advances, leading to reduced ability to function …

Despite the constant improvement of therapeutical options, heart failure (HF) remains
associated with high mortality and morbidity. While new developments in guideline …

Heart failure (HF) is a highly frequent disorder with considerable morbidity, hospitalization,
and mortality; thus, it invariably places pressure on clinical and public health systems in the …

The importance of chemoreflex function for cardiovascular health is increasingly recognized
in clinical practice. The physiological function of the chemoreflex is to constantly adjust …

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients show, during exercise, an excessive
increase in ventilation (VE) compared to carbon dioxide output (VCO 2), determining a high …