In this article, I present a review and tutorial of the literature on closed‐loop supply chains,
which are supply chains where, in addition to typical forward flows, there are reverse flows of …

Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) as one of the important configurations of the circular
economy (CE) has received considerable attention in sustainability matters. It is composed …

This study considers a supply chain consisting of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
and a contract manufacturer (CM). The OEM outsources the production of new products to …

Industry practice has shown that technology licensing has an important effect on the
remanufacturing of patented products by third parties. Different licensing methods …

This paper analyzes the electric-and-gasoline vehicle market under two different structures:
monopoly and duopoly. Taking social welfare into account, the government offers a subsidy …

Many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) allow third-party remanufacturers (3PRs) to
perform remanufacturing operations of branded or patented products–through either …

It is quite common to find both formal and informal sectors for processing waste electrical
and electronic equipment (WEEE) in many emerging countries. Typically, the formal channel …

This study investigates product design and its impact on the operations of a two-echelon
closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). Research findings reveal that remanufacturing does not …

In today's competitive supply chains, providing products which can stimulate the customer's
demand and enhance the revenues of companies is an important objective. Therefore, three …

A systematic approach to innovating business models can help identify new business
models that encourage sustainable use of products and services, or facilitate wider adoption …