The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals

TP Peacock, L Moncla, G Dudas, D VanInsberghe… - Nature, 2025 - nature.com
Influenza A viruses have caused more documented global pandemics in human history than
any other pathogen,. High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to the H5N1 …

An update on highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, clade 2.3. 4.4 b

RJ Webby, TM Uyeki - The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2024 - academic.oup.com
Since the resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.
4.4 b, during 2021, these viruses have spread widely among birds worldwide, causing …

A single mutation in dairy cow-associated H5N1 viruses increases receptor binding breadth

MR Good, ML Fernández-Quintero, W Ji… - Nature …, 2024 - nature.com
Abstract Clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 is causing an unprecedented outbreak in dairy cows in the
United States. To understand if recent H5N1 viruses are changing their receptor use, we …

H5N1 clade 2.3. 4.4 b dynamics in experimentally infected calves and cows

NJ Halwe, K Cool, A Breithaupt, J Schön, JD Trujillo… - Nature, 2025 - nature.com
In March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1
infections were reported in dairy cows in Texas, USA. Rapid dissemination to more than 380 …

A human isolate of bovine H5N1 is transmissible and lethal in animal models

C Gu, T Maemura, L Guan, AJ Eisfeld, A Biswas… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Abstract The outbreak of clade 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the
H5N1 subtype (HPAI H5N1) in dairy cattle in the USA has so far resulted in spillover …

Deep mutational scanning of H5 hemagglutinin to inform influenza virus surveillance

B Dadonaite, JJ Ahn, JT Ort, J Yu, C Furey… - PLoS …, 2024 - journals.plos.org
H5 influenza is considered a potential pandemic threat. Recently, H5 viruses belonging to
clade 2.3. 4.4 b have caused large outbreaks in avian and multiple nonhuman mammalian …

Cow's Milk Containing Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus—Heat Inactivation and Infectivity in Mice

L Guan, AJ Eisfeld, D Pattinson, C Gu… - … England Journal of …, 2024 - Mass Medical Soc
Cow's Milk and H5N1 Influenza Virus—Heat Inactivation Influenza A (H5N1) virus has been
found in cow's milk, and H5N1 genetic material has been identified in the commercial milk …

Epidemiological data of an influenza A/H5N1 outbreak in elephant seals in Argentina indicates mammal-to-mammal transmission

MM Uhart, RET Vanstreels, MI Nelson, V Olivera… - Nature …, 2024 - nature.com
H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus has killed thousands of marine mammals in
South America since 2022. Here we report epidemiological data and full genome …

The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3. 4.4 b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention

MPG Koopmans, CB Behravesh… - The Lancet Infectious …, 2024 - thelancet.com
Changes in the epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza are
devastating wild bird and poultry populations, farms and communities, and wild mammals …

Dairy cows inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1

AL Baker, B Arruda, MV Palmer, P Boggiatto, KS Davila… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 hemagglutinin clade 2.3. 4.4 b was
detected in the United States in 2021. These HPAI viruses caused mortality events in poultry …