Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and
phenotypical expression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Risk of develo** PD is twice as high …

The term “neurodegenerative diseases”(NDs) identifies a group of heterogeneous diseases
characterized by progressive loss of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons, which …

Mechanism-based classification of pain has been advocated widely to aid tailoring of
interventions for individuals experiencing persistent musculoskeletal pain. Three pain …

Objectives: Improvements in pain management might be achieved by matching treatment to
underlying mechanisms for pain persistence. Many authors argue for a mechanism-based …

ABSTRACT Background Functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used to study abnormal
patterns of functional connectivity at rest in patients with movement disorders such as …

In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), ie
pain, depression, sleep disturbance, and autonomic disorders, have received increasing …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor
symptoms such as bradykinesia, rest tremor, postural disturbances, and rigidity. PD is also …

Pain is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the prevalence of
pain among PD patients varies because of the disease stage, co-morbidities, and evaluating …

The aim of this comprehensive review was to provide an overview of pain in Parkinson's
disease (PD) by identifying different clinical features and potential mechanisms, and …

Background and objective: Sex plays a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) mechanisms. We
analyzed sex difference manifestations among Spanish patients with PD. Patients and …