Mountain areas are biodiversity hotspots and provide a multitude of ecosystem services of
irreplaceable socio‐economic value. In the European Alps, air temperature has increased at …

▪ Abstract Deer have expanded their range and increased dramatically in abundance
worldwide in recent decades. They inflict major economic losses in forestry, agriculture, and …

Identifying causal networks is important for effective policy and management
recommendations on climate, epidemiology, financial regulation, and much else. We …

There has been a recent surge of interest in remote sensing and its use in ecology and
conservation but this is the first book to focus explicitly on the NDVI (Normalised Difference …

Enzymes provide an exquisitely tailored chiral environment to foster high catalytic activities
and selectivities, but their native structures are optimized for very specific biochemical …

Global climate change has a significant effect on extreme environments and a profound
influence on species survival. However, little is known of the genome-wide pattern of …

Climate influences a variety of ecological processes. These effects operate through local
weather parameters such as temperature, wind, rain, snow, and ocean currents, as well as …

Whereas the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather and climate variability
worldwide, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) represents the dominant climate pattern in …

To persist, species are expected to shift their geographical ranges polewards or to higher
elevations as the Earth's climate warms,,,. However, although many species' ranges have …

Climatic oscillations as reflected in atmospheric modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) may be seen as a proxy for regulating forces in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems …