Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threatening agricultural yield and
ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis,
plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting …

Simple Summary Salt and drought stress cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Several
different approaches may be taken to address this problem, including increased use of …

Soil salinity is the major abiotic stress that disrupts nutrient uptake, hinders plant growth, and
threatens agricultural production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most …

Environmental stress is a major challenge for sustainable food production as it reduces yield
by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which pose a threat to cell organelles and …

Climate change is a major concern for sustainable agriculture in the twenty-first century, as it
has an impact on crop production and soil fertility, which may increase the risk of famine. Of …

Agriculture is the best foundation for human livelihoods, and, in this respect, crop production
has been forced to adopt sustainable farming practices. However, soil salinity severely …

Various abiotic stressors like drought, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals are major
environmental stresses that affect agricultural productivity and crop yields all over the world …

Bacillus subtilis as microbial fertilizers contribute to avoiding the harmful effects of traditional
agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. However, there are many restrictions on the practical …