Aerosols are a critical factor in the atmospheric hydrological cycle and radiation budget. As a
major agent for clouds to form and a significant attenuator of solar radiation, aerosols affect …

Southern Asia, extending from Pakistan and Afghanistan to Indonesia and Papua New
Guinea, is one of the most heavily populated regions of the world. Biofuel and biomass …

Abstract The new Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-
ESM2. 0) has been developed based on previous models, MRI-CGCM3 and MRI-ESM1 …

Black carbon aerosol plays a unique and important role in Earth's climate system. Black
carbon is a type of carbonaceous material with a unique combination of physical properties …

As the atmosphere warms, part of the cloud population shifts from ice and mixed-phase
('cold') to liquid ('warm') clouds. Because warm clouds are more reflective and longer-lived …

ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is
described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of …

We present a description of the ModelE2 version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies
(GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and the configurations used in the simulations …

A new global climate model, MRI-CGCM3, has been developed at the Meteorological
Research Institute (MRI). This model is an overall upgrade of MRI's former climate model …

Cloud microphysics parametrizations control the transfer of water between phases and
hydrometeor species in numerical weather prediction and climate models. As a fundamental …

Sea spray is one of the largest natural aerosol sources and plays an important role in the
Earth's radiative budget. These particles are inherently hygroscopic, that is, they take-up …