Clefts that occur in children are a special topic. Avoiding risk factors, and also an early
diagnosis of cleft possibility can result in minimizing or avoiding them. If on the other hand …

Scale is a central concept in the geographical sciences and is an intrinsic property of many
spatial systems. It also serves as an essential thread in the fabric of many other physical and …

The uncertain geographic context problem (UGCoP), first articulated by Kwan (; The
uncertain geographic context problem. Annals of the Association of American Geographers …

Retail is an important function at the core of urban areas, occupying a key role in
determining their economic prosperity, desirability, and vibrancy. Efforts to understand the …

Various geographic units have been used in macro-level modeling. Amongst these units,
traffic analysis zones (TAZs) have been broadly employed in many macroscopic safety …

Socioeconomic and health analysts commonly rely on areally aggregated data, in part
because government regulations on confidentiality prohibit data release at the individual …

Environmental justice (EJ) research has relied on ecological analyses of coarse-scale areal
units to determine whether particular populations are disproportionately burdened by toxic …

Walkability of residential environments has been associated with more walking. Given the
health benefits of walking, it is expected that people living in locations with higher measured …

Physical activity (PA) promotes healthy life and contributes to sustainable development. In
this paper, we rely on the Utah Household Travel Survey data and analyze the determinants …

Macroscopic safety models establish a relationship between crashes and the contributing
factors in a defined spatial unit. Negative binomial (NB) and Bayesian negative binomial …