Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce
plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these …

Plant architecture fundamentally differs from that of other multicellular organisms in that
individual cells serve as osmotic bricks, defined by the equilibrium between the internal …

Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) perceive pathogen effectors to
trigger plant immunity. The direct recognition mechanism of pathogen effectors by coiled-coil …

Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral
molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins …

Auxin participates in a multitude of developmental processes, as well as responses to
environmental cues. Compared with other plant hormones, auxin exhibits a unique property …

The structural and functional integrity of the cell wall needs to be constantly monitored and
fine‐tuned to allow for growth while preventing mechanical failure. Many studies have …

Very-long-chain fatty acids (ie, fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms; VLCFA) are
important molecules that play crucial physiological and structural roles in plants. VLCFA are …

Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and
proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these …

Plant stature and development are governed by cell proliferation and directed cell growth.
These parameters are determined largely by cell wall characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils …

The root growth of most crop plants is inhibited by soil salinity. Roots respond by modulating
metabolism, gene expression and protein activity, which results in changes in cell wall …