We trace the evolution of research on extreme solar and solar-terrestrial events from the
1859 Carrington event to the rapid development of the last twenty years. Our focus is on the …

Abstract Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events are interesting from a scientific perspective as
they are the product of a broad set of physical processes from the corona out through the …

The Solar MAgnetic Connection HAUS tool (Solar-MACH) is an open-source tool completely
written in Python that derives and visualizes the spatial configuration and solar magnetic …

This paper focuses on the interactions between the fast solar wind from coronal holes and
the intervening slower solar wind, leading to the creation of stream interaction regions that …

Aims. Solar Orbiter, the first mission of ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme and a
mission of international collaboration between ESA and NASA, will explore the Sun and …

After decades of observations of solar energetic particles from space-based observatories,
relevant questions on particle injection, transport, and acceleration remain open. To address …

Abstract Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are an important component of Space Weather,
including radiation hazard to humans and electronic equipment, and the ionisation of the …

Abstract NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission recently plunged through the inner heliosphere
of the Sun to its perihelia, about 24 million kilometres from the Sun. Previous studies farther …

Space Weather is the portion of space physics that has a direct effect on humankind. Space
Weather is an old branch of space physics that originates back to 1808 with the publication …

The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic
and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and …