Abstract The Miocene epoch (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time interval of global warmth, relative
to today. Continental configurations and mountain topography transitioned toward modern …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Past interglacial climates with smaller ice sheets offer analogs for ice sheet response to
future warming and contributions to sea level rise; however, well-dated geologic records …

Over the past 3.5 million years, there have been several intervals when climate conditions
were warmer than during the pre-industrial Holocene. Although past intervals of warming …

Cosmogenic nuclide techniques have advanced the geosciences by providing tools for
exposure age dating, burial dating, quantification of denudation rates and more. Advances …

Reconstructing the evolution of sea level during past warmer epochs such as the Pliocene
provides insight into the response of sea level and ice sheets to prolonged warming …

The Asian monsoons are triggered by complex interactions between the atmosphere, Asian
and African orography, and the surrounding oceans, resulting in highly seasonal climate …

Earth's climate cooled markedly during the late Miocene from 12 to 5 million years ago, with
far-reaching consequences for global ecosystems. However, the driving forces of these …

We report the discovery of a large impact crater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwest
Greenland. From airborne radar surveys, we identify a 31-kilometer-wide, circular bedrock …