The'silent epidemic'of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been placed in the spotlight as a result
of clinical investigations and popular press coverage of athletes and veterans with single or …

Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern that affects
individuals in all demographics. With increasing interest in the medical and public …

Macrophages dominate sites of CNS injury in which they promote both injury and repair.
These divergent effects may be caused by distinct macrophage subsets, ie,“classically …

As the major cellular component of the innate immune system in the central nervous system
(CNS) and the first line of defense whenever injury or disease occurs, microglia play a …

A single traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased risk of dementia and, in a
proportion of patients surviving a year or more from injury, the development of hallmark …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to
external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high …

Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release …

Injury is a key driver of inflammation, a critical yet necessary response involving several
mediators that is aimed at restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation in the central nervous …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed by tightly connected cerebrovascular endothelial
cells, but its normal function also depends on paracrine interactions between the brain …

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major cause of disability worldwide. It involves a
complex neurometabolic cascade, including oxidative stress. The products of this …