Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints.
Microbial infection is considered a crucial inducer of RA. Alterations in the composition of …

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system
development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily
affects the joints. One hypothesis for the pathogenesis of RA is that disease begins at …

Trillions of microbes survive and thrive inside the human body. These tiny creatures are
crucial to the development and maturation of our immune system and to maintain gut …

Molecular mimicry is one of the leading mechanisms by which infectious or chemical agents
may induce autoimmunity. It occurs when similarities between foreign and self-peptides …

Microbial metabolites are known to modulate immune responses of the host. The main
metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the intestine, short-chain …

The emerging concept of microbiota contributing to local mucosal homeostasis has fueled
investigation into its specific role in immunology. Gut microbiota is mostly responsible for …

The role of the gut microbiome in models of inflammatory and autoimmune disease is now
well characterized. Renewed interest in the human microbiome and its metabolites, as well …

There is emerging evidence that microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in
helath and diseases. In this regard, gut microbiota has been found as a crucial component …

Musculoskeletal diseases affect up to 20% of adults worldwide. The gut microbiome has
been implicated in inflammatory conditions, but large-scale metagenomic evaluations have …