With the rapid advancement of industrial production, the substantial accumulation of
industrial by-product gypsum containing high salinity, acidity/alkalinity, and heavy metals are …

Due to raw material shortages and waste management concerns, composite building
materials made from industrial by-products have become a key component of tomorrow's …

Gypsum is one of the most abundant natural minerals available in nature, and it can also be
generated synthetically as a by-product of industrial processes. In this article, a review of …

Compressed stabilized earth blocks (CSEB) represent an eco-friendly substitute for
traditional building materials, predominantly utilizing earth. Municipal Solid Waste …

In order to design a novel environmentally friendly cementitious material, in this paper,
different ratios of fly ash (FA), desulfurized gypsum (DG) and shell powder (SP) were …

Using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete has significant environmental and
sustainability concerns. Notably, in the production of OPC, large volumes of greenhouse …

The development of eco-friendlier building products incorporating waste as an alternative to
raw materials has become increasingly relevant within the construction industry. With this in …

Coal burning in power plants is considered an energy-intensive process that increases
carbon emissions and generates numerous tonnes of fly ash materials. Incorporating fly ash …

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of combined pond fly ash (PFA) and
flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as a partial replacement for cement by mixing them …

The demand for construction materials, particularly brick, is a consequence of the increase
in housing construction. Sand and cement are the primary materials used to make bricks …