ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human
polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of …

Exosomes derived from glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes can
modulate cell communication in the brain and exert protective or neurotoxic effects on …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy of the
central nervous system, mediated by antibodies against aquaporin-4 water channel protein …

Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs‐on‐a‐chip
(OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller …

Stem cell therapy holds promise for tissue regeneration, yet significant challenges persist.
Emerging as a safer and potentially more effective alternative, extracellular vesicles (EVs) …

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the world. Astrocytes are special glial
cells within the central nervous system and play important roles in mediating …

The limited ability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate is a major cause of mortality and morbidity
in cardiovascular diseases. There exist therapies for cardiac regeneration that are cell …

Background Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) are critical for the remyelination of axons
following spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell–cell communication plays a key role in the regulation …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human brain cells have great potential as cell‐free
therapies in various diseases, including stroke. However, because of the significant amount …

Increasing evidence suggests that stem cells or stem cell-derived cells may contribute to
tissue repair, not only by replacing lost tissue but also by delivering complex sets of …