Background Engineering bacterial strains to redirect the metabolism towards the production
of a specific product has enabled the development of industrial biotechnology. However …

Genetic mutation, which provides the raw material for evolutionary adaptation, is largely a
stochastic force. However, there is ample evidence showing that mutations can also exhibit …

Engineered DNA will slow the growth of a host cell if it redirects limiting resources or
otherwise interferes with homeostasis. Escape mutants that alleviate this burden can rapidly …

Engineered genetic systems are prone to failure when their genetic parts contain repetitive
sequences. Designing many nonrepetitive genetic parts with desired functionalities remains …

The internal environment of growing cells is variable and dynamic, making it difficult to
introduce reliable parts, such as promoters, for genetic engineering. Here, we applied …

Engineering cellular phenotypes often requires the regulation of many genes. When using
CRISPR interference, coexpressing many single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) triggers genetic …

The copy number of genes in chromosomes can be modified by chromosomal integration to
construct efficient microbial cell factories but the resulting genetic systems are prone to …

The recent development of a CRISPR-Cas9-based homing system for the suppression of
Anopheles gambiae is encouraging; however, with current designs, the slow emergence of …

CRISPR gene activation and inhibition (CRISPRai) has become a powerful synthetic tool for
influencing the expression of native genes for foundational studies, cellular reprograming …

Streptomycetes are prominent sources of bioactive natural products, but metabolic
engineering of the natural products of these organisms is greatly hindered by relatively …