Birds have many kinds of internal and external parasites, including viruses, bacteria and
fungi, as well as protozoa, helminths and arthropods. Because parasites have negative …

Evolutionary ecology has developed along two major conceptual avenues, starting from the
observation that hosts vary in their immune defence against parasites The first avenue …

Parasites and infectious diseases are everywhere and represent some of the most potent
forces sha** the natural world. They affect almost every aspect imaginable in the life of …

When a parasite invades an ant, does the ant behave like other ants? Maybe not-and if it
doesn't, who, if anyone, benefits from the altered behaviors? The parasite? The ant …

Artificial lighting can alter individual behaviour, with often drastic and potentially negative
effects on biological rhythms, daily activity and reproduction. Whether this is caused by a …

Birds are plagued by an impressive diversity of ectoparasites, ranging from feather-feeding
lice, to feather-degrading bacteria. Many of these ectoparasites have severe negative effects …

Fleas are one of the most interesting and fascinating taxa of ectoparasites. All species in this
relatively small order are obligatory haematophagous (blood-feeding) parasites of higher …

Incubating new ideas about avian reproduction/SJ Reynolds & DC Deeming--The fossil
record and evolution of avian egg nesting and incubation/DC Deeming--Nest construction …

Despite being a prominent aspect of animal life, sleep and its functions remain poorly
understood. As with any biological process, the functions of sleep can only be fully …

The general belief that cooperation and altruism in social groups result primarily from kin
selection has recently been challenged, not least because results from cooperatively …