Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

Many bees and stinging wasps, or aculeates, exhibit striking colour patterns or conspicuous
coloration, such as black and yellow stripes. Such coloration is often interpreted as an …

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to
deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be …

Insect defense sounds have been reported for centuries. Yet, aside from the well-studied
anti-bat sounds of tiger moths, little is understood about the occurrence, function, and …

Warning signals are predicted to develop signal monomorphism via positive frequency‐
dependent selection (+ FDS) albeit many aposematic systems exhibit signal polymorphism …

The combined use of noxious chemical defences and conspicuous warning colours is a
ubiquitous anti-predator strategy. That such signals advertise the presence of defences is …

Chemically defended animals often display conspicuous color patterns that predators learn
to associate with their unprofitability and subsequently avoid. Such animals (ie, aposematic) …

Aposematic organisms warn predators of their unprofitability using a combination of
defenses, including visual warning signals, startling sounds, noxious odors, or aversive …

Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey, but the signalling
difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian …

Allocation to different components of defence has been suggested as an explanation for the
existence of multiple aposematic morphs in a single population. We tested whether there are …